A Multifactorial Model of Dyslexia: Evidence from Executive Functions and Phonological–based Treatments

Abstract In this research, we examined the responsiveness to treatment in 49 Italian children with Dyslexia. In part A, we compare the efficacy of a phonological-based treatment (Ph-T) with a cognitive training of executive functions (CT). In part B, we investigate whether a sequential treatment (CT+Ph-T) has a larger remedial effect compared to the pure phonological-based treatment (Ph-T + Ph-T). Results after 24 hours of treatment showed significant improvements in the executive functions (EFs) for the sequential group only. Considering reading accuracy, children benefited significantly from both treatments; however, only the sequential group significantly improved in reading speed. Crucially, the reading gains appeared to be related to improvements in the EFs, supporting a multifactorial model of this disorder. The aforementioned findings suggest that the combination of cognitive training of EFs with a phonological-based treatment can be used effectively in rehabilitating dyslexia.