A multi-Performance Comparison between Lime, Cementitious and Alkali-Activated TRM Systems: Mechanical, Environmental and Energy Perspectives

The combined need to propose new solutions for the structural reinforcement of existing buildings and for the reduction of CO2 emissions is leading to the development of more sustainable composite materials, such as those based on alkali-activated mortars (AAM). In this study, different formulations of AAM, based on metakaolin or fly ash, have been evaluated as possible matrices for Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM) systems. Two different bidirectional textiles, made of AR glass or basalt fibers, were used as internal reinforcement. The physicalmechanical properties of TRM systems based on AAM were evaluated and compared with those of commercial systems with cementitious or lime-based matrices. Direct tensile tests on TRM coupons and shear bond tests on clay brick substrates were carried out. Then, their energy and environmental-related performance have been compared. Results showed that alkali-activated matrices can be very promising and eco-friendly alternative solutions to traditional mortars in TRM systems.