Powder diffraction is a non-destructive technique, which is experimentally simple in principle. Because the physics behind diffraction is well understood, an exceptionally large amount of information can be obtained from a single measurement. The positions and relative intensities of the peaks yield a fingerprint that can be used for qualitative phase analysis. Quantitative phase analysis can be obtained by detailed analysis of the intensities. Unit cells can be derived from the peak positions. Crystal structures can be solved using powder diffraction data and refined by the Rietveld method. The peak profiles contain information about crystallite size, strain and nanostructure. Non-idealities in the intensities give information on texture. Abandoning the crystallographic model provides information about local structure, by pair distribution function analysis. For powder diffraction, everything is a sample; the technique is commonly applied to characterize minerals, ceramics, metals and alloys, catalysts, polymers, pharmaceuticals, organic compounds, environmental and forensic samples, among others. The major features of contemporary laboratory powder diffractometers are described. Methods for obtaining suitable powder specimens are summarized. Major applications of qualitative and quantitative phase analysis, structure solution, size/strain/nanostructure analysis using peak profiles, texture analysis and pair distribution function analysis are introduced.

Powder diffraction / Kaduk, James A.; Billinge, Simon J. L.; Dinnebier, Robert E.; Henderson, Nathan; Madsen, Ian; ??ern??, Radovan; Leoni, Matteo; Lutterotti, Luca; Thakral, Seema; Chateigner, Daniel. - In: NATURE REVIEWS METHODS PRIMERS. - ISSN 2662-8449. - 1:1(2021). [10.1038/s43586-021-00074-7]

Powder diffraction

Matteo Leoni
;
Luca Lutterotti
;
2021-01-01

Abstract

Powder diffraction is a non-destructive technique, which is experimentally simple in principle. Because the physics behind diffraction is well understood, an exceptionally large amount of information can be obtained from a single measurement. The positions and relative intensities of the peaks yield a fingerprint that can be used for qualitative phase analysis. Quantitative phase analysis can be obtained by detailed analysis of the intensities. Unit cells can be derived from the peak positions. Crystal structures can be solved using powder diffraction data and refined by the Rietveld method. The peak profiles contain information about crystallite size, strain and nanostructure. Non-idealities in the intensities give information on texture. Abandoning the crystallographic model provides information about local structure, by pair distribution function analysis. For powder diffraction, everything is a sample; the technique is commonly applied to characterize minerals, ceramics, metals and alloys, catalysts, polymers, pharmaceuticals, organic compounds, environmental and forensic samples, among others. The major features of contemporary laboratory powder diffractometers are described. Methods for obtaining suitable powder specimens are summarized. Major applications of qualitative and quantitative phase analysis, structure solution, size/strain/nanostructure analysis using peak profiles, texture analysis and pair distribution function analysis are introduced.
2021
1
Kaduk, James A.; Billinge, Simon J. L.; Dinnebier, Robert E.; Henderson, Nathan; Madsen, Ian; ??ern??, Radovan; Leoni, Matteo; Lutterotti, Luca; Thakr...espandi
Powder diffraction / Kaduk, James A.; Billinge, Simon J. L.; Dinnebier, Robert E.; Henderson, Nathan; Madsen, Ian; ??ern??, Radovan; Leoni, Matteo; Lutterotti, Luca; Thakral, Seema; Chateigner, Daniel. - In: NATURE REVIEWS METHODS PRIMERS. - ISSN 2662-8449. - 1:1(2021). [10.1038/s43586-021-00074-7]
File in questo prodotto:
File Dimensione Formato  
319_Powder_Diffraction.pdf

Solo gestori archivio

Tipologia: Versione editoriale (Publisher’s layout)
Licenza: Tutti i diritti riservati (All rights reserved)
Dimensione 4.63 MB
Formato Adobe PDF
4.63 MB Adobe PDF   Visualizza/Apri

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11572/380250
Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? ND
  • Scopus 24
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? 26
  • OpenAlex ND
social impact