Obesity and diet are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, and microbiome could mediate this risk factor. To investigate this interaction, we performed a case-control study (34 CRC cases and 32 controls) and analyzed fecal microbiota composition using 16S rRNA metabarcoding and sub-sequential shotgun analyses of genomic bacterial DNA to evaluate the role of microbiome and diet in CRC etiology, taking into account vitamin D and other risk biomarkers. Dietary habits were evaluated using a short questionnaire. Multivariate methods for data integration and mediation analysis models were used to investigate causal relationships. CRC cases were significantly more often deficient in vitamin D than controls (p = 0.04); Fokl and CYP24A1 polymorphism frequency were different between cases and controls (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02, respectively). A diet poor in fatty fish and rich in carbohydrates was found to be significantly associated with CRC risk (p = 0.011). The mediation analysis confirmed the significant role of the microbiome in mediating CRC risk-increasing levels of Bifidobacteria/ Escherichia genera ratio, an indicator of "healthy" intestinal microbiome, can overcome the effect of diet on CRC risk (p = 0.03). This study suggests that microbiome mediates the diet effect on CRC risk, and that vitamin D, markers of inflammation, and adipokines are other factors to consider in order to achieve a better knowledge of the whole carcinogenic process.

Microbiome as Mediator of Diet on Colorectal Cancer Risk: The Role of Vitamin D, Markers of Inflammation and Adipokines / Serrano, Davide; Pozzi, Chiara; Guglietta, Silvia; Fosso, Bruno; Suppa, Mariano; Gnagnarella, Patrizia; Corso, Federica; Bellerba, Federica; Macis, Debora; Aristarco, Valentina; Manghi, Paolo; Segata, Nicola; Trovato, Cristina; Zampino, Maria Giulia; Marzano, Marinella; Bonanni, Bernardo; Rescigno, Maria; Gandini, Sara. - In: NUTRIENTS. - ISSN 2072-6643. - 13:2(2021), pp. 36301-36319. [10.3390/nu13020363]

Microbiome as Mediator of Diet on Colorectal Cancer Risk: The Role of Vitamin D, Markers of Inflammation and Adipokines

Manghi, Paolo;Segata, Nicola;
2021-01-01

Abstract

Obesity and diet are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, and microbiome could mediate this risk factor. To investigate this interaction, we performed a case-control study (34 CRC cases and 32 controls) and analyzed fecal microbiota composition using 16S rRNA metabarcoding and sub-sequential shotgun analyses of genomic bacterial DNA to evaluate the role of microbiome and diet in CRC etiology, taking into account vitamin D and other risk biomarkers. Dietary habits were evaluated using a short questionnaire. Multivariate methods for data integration and mediation analysis models were used to investigate causal relationships. CRC cases were significantly more often deficient in vitamin D than controls (p = 0.04); Fokl and CYP24A1 polymorphism frequency were different between cases and controls (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02, respectively). A diet poor in fatty fish and rich in carbohydrates was found to be significantly associated with CRC risk (p = 0.011). The mediation analysis confirmed the significant role of the microbiome in mediating CRC risk-increasing levels of Bifidobacteria/ Escherichia genera ratio, an indicator of "healthy" intestinal microbiome, can overcome the effect of diet on CRC risk (p = 0.03). This study suggests that microbiome mediates the diet effect on CRC risk, and that vitamin D, markers of inflammation, and adipokines are other factors to consider in order to achieve a better knowledge of the whole carcinogenic process.
2021
2
Serrano, Davide; Pozzi, Chiara; Guglietta, Silvia; Fosso, Bruno; Suppa, Mariano; Gnagnarella, Patrizia; Corso, Federica; Bellerba, Federica; Macis, De...espandi
Microbiome as Mediator of Diet on Colorectal Cancer Risk: The Role of Vitamin D, Markers of Inflammation and Adipokines / Serrano, Davide; Pozzi, Chiara; Guglietta, Silvia; Fosso, Bruno; Suppa, Mariano; Gnagnarella, Patrizia; Corso, Federica; Bellerba, Federica; Macis, Debora; Aristarco, Valentina; Manghi, Paolo; Segata, Nicola; Trovato, Cristina; Zampino, Maria Giulia; Marzano, Marinella; Bonanni, Bernardo; Rescigno, Maria; Gandini, Sara. - In: NUTRIENTS. - ISSN 2072-6643. - 13:2(2021), pp. 36301-36319. [10.3390/nu13020363]
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