Transformative pathways for social networks to navigate towards a nature-positive society: collaborate, challenge, and disrupt

Social networks of actors and networks of networks are essential in transformative change for biodiversity. In particular, cross-boundary networks such as science–policy–society interface networks are relevant for exchanging ideas that may shift values, paradigms, knowledge, policies, and practices. On the basis of literature and a collaborative design process, we develop three pathways for social networks to navigate in advancing their transformative aspirations: ‘collaborate’, ‘challenge’, and ‘disrupt’. The ‘collaborate’ pathway operates within existing systems, working with ‘coalitions of the willing’. The ‘challenge’ pathway criticises the politics of unsustainable and inequitable practices and calls on powerful actors to take responsibility. The ‘disrupt’ pathway is aimed at removing elements of the current system that hinder transformative change for biodiversity. We suggest that the transformative potential of networks depends on their ability to navigate between the pathways. Networks of networks provide opportunities for networks to combine pathways and leverage each other’s capacities.