Framework for Integrated Ecosystem Assessment (FIEA): A structured approach to support evidence-based decision-making

While numerous ecosystem assessment frameworks have been developed, they often provide valuable insights into and guidelines for assessments from siloed perspectives, addressing ecosystem assessments primarily through research, public-sector, private-sector or context-specific lenses. They lack the integrated approach necessary to address the multifaceted nature of ecosystem assessments across diverse domains and contexts. Others bring together perspectives from various sectors, but stay at a conceptual level, without specifying detailed steps and processes required for implementation. This fragmentation presents a barrier to achieving holistic and sustainable integrated ecosystem assessment outcomes that account for diverse user needs and relevant interdependencies amongst ecosystem components. The Framework for Integrated Ecosystem Assessment (FIEA) developed by the SELINA project (Science for Evidence-based and Sustainable Decisions about Natural Capital) offers a unified structure that builds upon and refines the existing assessment approaches to facilitate integrated ecosystem assessments and provide information for evidence-based decision-making across multiple sectors. Developed through an interactive co-creation process within the SELINA project, the FIEA engaged a wide range of partners, including scientists, policymakers and private sector representatives and is designed to be modular and flexible, catering to diverse needs and contexts. The framework encompasses six interconnected phases – Frame, Scope, Design, Assess, Share and Act. It addresses present challenges that limit the uptake of ecosystem information in decision-making by enhancing transparency, stakeholder engagement and adaptability. Within the paper, the FIEA's structure and development process will be addressed, underscoring its potential to bridge the gap between ecosystem science and practical decision-making.