Communication difficulties in mechanically ventilated voiceless patients in intensive care units: A qualitative study

Background: Mechanically ventilated patients are unable to verbally communicate due to the endotracheal tube or tracheostomy, rendering them temporarily ‘voiceless’. More and more patients are conscious during mechanical ventilation because of a new paradigm based on mild/no sedation. Communicating with conscious voiceless patients can be complex and frustrating, leading to negative outcomes and experiences for patients, family members and health care professionals. Aim: To explore the negative effects of the inability to communicate verbally among voiceless patients in intensive care units (ICUs), considering the perspectives of voiceless patients, health care professionals and family members. Study Design: This qualitative study uses Interpretive Description methodology. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients, family members and health care professionals. Data were collected at three ICUs in Italy over 3 months. Data were analysed using the Rapid and Rigorous qualitative data analysis. Results: Forty-three people were interviewed (10 patients, 13 caregivers, 13 nurses and 7 physicians). Three major themes were identified: perception of communication difficulties, negative impacts on relationships and emotions, and negative effects on care. These findings indicate that communication difficulties in ICU have negative emotional and psychological consequences for all participants and the health care provided. Conclusions: Effective communication with voiceless patients is essential for their well-being and quality of care. Future research should focus on identifying and evaluating tailored communication methods for voiceless patients. Relevance to Clinical Practice: This study emphasizes the importance of interventions improving voiceless communication, including training health care professionals and critical care nurses in alternative communication strategies, providing psychological support to voiceless patients, and encouraging extended family presence.