Il parere consultivo della Corte internazionale di giustizia sulle conseguenze giuridiche derivanti dalle politiche e dalle pratiche di Israele nel Territorio palestinese occupato: implicazioni per il diritto internazionale umanitario

THE ADVISORY OPINION OF THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE ON THE LEGAL CONSEQUENCES ARISING FROM THE POLICIES AND PRACTICES OF ISRAEL IN THE OCCUPIED PALESTINIAN TERRITORY: IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW. The article examines the 2024 Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice on the legal consequences of Israel’s policies in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT), focusing on international humanitarian law (IHL). The analysis covers the status of Gaza after 2005, the legal characterisation of prolonged occupation, and the violations of IHL related to the establishment of the settlements. The Court adopts a functional approach to occupation, extending IHL obligations despite Israel’s lack of a continuous military presence in Gaza, and reinterpreting Article 6(3) of the Fourth Geneva Convention to ensure protection in protracted occupations. A key innovation lies in the treatment of the Palestinian people’s permanent sovereignty over natural resources, which the Court links to the illegality of annexationist policies. The Court avoids declaring the occupation illegal under international humanitarian law alone, instead framing its illegality in terms of violations of the right to self-determination and the prohibition of annexation. While adopting a protective reading of IHL, the Court strategically shifts the normative center of gravity to "ius ad bellum" and general international law deprioritising IHL as the primary legal lens for assessing Israel’s conduct in the OPT.