Sexual Assertiveness Across Cultures, Genders, and Sexual Orientations: Validation of the Short Sexual Assertiveness Questionnaire (SAQ-9)

Nagy, Léna; Koós, Mónika; Kraus, Dr Shane W; Demetrovics, Zsolt; Potenza, Marc N; Ballester-Arnal, Rafael; Batthyány, Dominik; Bergeron, Sophie; Billieux, Joël; Briken, Peer; Burkauskas, Julius; Cárdenas-López, Georgina; Carvalho, Joana; Castro-Calvo, Jesús; Chen, Lijun; Chen, Ji-Kang; Ciocca, Giacomo; Corazza, Ornella; Csako, Rita; Fernandez, David P; Fujiwara, Hironobu; Fernandez, Elaine F; Fuss, Johannes; Gabrhelík, Roman; Gewirtz-Meydan, Ateret; Gjoneska, Biljana; Gola, Mateusz; Grubbs, Joshua B; Hashim, Hashim T; Islam, Md Saiful; Ismail, Mustafa; Jiménez-Martínez, Martha C; Jurin, Tanja; Kalina, Ondrej; Klein, Verena; Költő, András; Lee, Sang-Kyu; Lewczuk, Karol; Lin, Chung-Ying; Lochner, Christine; López-Alvarado, Silvia; Lukavská, Kateřina; Mayta-Tristán, Percy; Miller, Dan J; Orosová, Oľga; Orosz, Gábor; Ponce, Fernando P; Quintana, Gonzalo R; Quintero Garzola, Gabriel C; Ramos-Diaz, Jano; Rigaud, Kévin; Rousseau, Ann; De Tubino, Scanavino Marco; Schulmeyer, Marion K; Sharan, Pratap; Shibata, Mami; Shoib, Sheikh; Sigre-Leirós, Vera; Sniewski, Luke; Spasovski, Ognen; Steibliene, Vesta; Stein, Dan J; Strizek, Julian; Štulhofer, Aleksandar; Ünsal, Banu C; Vaillancourt-Morel, Marie-Pier; Claire Van Hout, Marie; Bőthe, Beáta

doi:10.1177/10731911241312757

Sexual assertiveness (SA) is an important concept in understanding sexual well-being and decision-making. However, psychometric evaluation of existing measures of SA in diverse populations is largely lacking, hindering cross-cultural and comparative studies. This study validated the short version of the Sexual Assertiveness Questionnaire (SAQ-9) and examined its measurement invariance across several languages, countries, genders, sexual orientations, and relationship statuses among 65,448 sexually-active adults (Mage = 32.98 years, SD = 12.08, 58% women, 2.74% gender-diverse individuals) taking part in the International Sex Survey. The scale demonstrated adequate psychometric properties. Measurement invariance tests indicated that the SAQ-9 is suitable for comparing individuals from different cultures, genders, sexual orientations, and relationship statuses, and significant group differences were also noted (e.g., gender-diverse individuals reported the highest levels of SA). Findings suggest that the SAQ-9 is a reliable and valid measure of SA and appropriate for use in diverse populations, with specific populations exhibiting varying levels of SA.

Sexual Assertiveness Across Cultures, Genders, and Sexual Orientations: Validation of the Short Sexual Assertiveness Questionnaire (SAQ-9) / Nagy, Léna; Koós, Mónika; Kraus, Dr Shane W; Demetrovics, Zsolt; Potenza, Marc N; Ballester-Arnal, Rafael; Batthyány, Dominik; Bergeron, Sophie; Billieux, Joël; Briken, Peer; Burkauskas, Julius; Cárdenas-López, Georgina; Carvalho, Joana; Castro-Calvo, Jesús; Chen, Lijun; Chen, Ji-Kang; Ciocca, Giacomo; Corazza, Ornella; Csako, Rita; Fernandez, David P; Fujiwara, Hironobu; Fernandez, Elaine F; Fuss, Johannes; Gabrhelík, Roman; Gewirtz-Meydan, Ateret; Gjoneska, Biljana; Gola, Mateusz; Grubbs, Joshua B; Hashim, Hashim T; Islam, Md Saiful; Ismail, Mustafa; Jiménez-Martínez, Martha C; Jurin, Tanja; Kalina, Ondrej; Klein, Verena; Költő, András; Lee, Sang-Kyu; Lewczuk, Karol; Lin, Chung-Ying; Lochner, Christine; López-Alvarado, Silvia; Lukavská, Kateřina; Mayta-Tristán, Percy; Miller, Dan J; Orosová, Oľga; Orosz, Gábor; Ponce, Fernando P; Quintana, Gonzalo R; Quintero Garzola, Gabriel C; Ramos-Diaz, Jano; Rigaud, Kévin; Rousseau, Ann; De Tubino, Scanavino Marco; Schulmeyer, Marion K; Sharan, Pratap; Shibata, Mami; Shoib, Sheikh; Sigre-Leirós, Vera; Sniewski, Luke; Spasovski, Ognen; Steibliene, Vesta; Stein, Dan J; Strizek, Julian; Štulhofer, Aleksandar; Ünsal, Banu C; Vaillancourt-Morel, Marie-Pier; Claire Van Hout, Marie; Bőthe, Beáta. - In: ASSESSMENT. - ISSN 1073-1911. - ONLINE FIRST:(2025). [10.1177/10731911241312757]