Qing chu "zhaomin shouguan li" zhengce kaobian 《清初“招民授官例”政策考辨》

The issuing of the“Imperial Edict for Repopulation and Wasteland Reclamation of Liaodong”by Shunzhi Emperor in 1653 is an event of the utmost importance in Northeast China’s history，since it officially opened Southern Manchuria to immigrants of Han nationality. It also established the conferral of bureaucratic titles to whoever successfully summoned a certain amount of people to Liaodong territory. Nevertheless，only one case of implementation of that part of the ordinance is attested in historical records. Basing on the cases of Kong Yinhui and of other officials of the region，this essay will attempt to demonstrate how despite the literal meaning of the edict，Liaodong bureaucrats were not appointed on account of their contribute to the repopulation of Manchuria，but once in charge of their office， they were rewarded，promoted or dismissed according to their accomplishments in that field.