Unraveling white matter alterations in autism: the role of oligodendrocytes, microglia, and neuroinflammation

Researchers are increasingly investigating the developmental origins of white matter alterations in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A recent review by Canada, Evans, and Pelphrey highlights the roles of oligodendrocytes and microglia in ASD-related white matter abnormalities. Evidence suggests that ASD risk genes impact oligodendrocyte development and myelination, while microglia dysfunction due to immune challenges may further disrupt white matter formation. Emerging studies link neuroinflammation to altered white matter trajectories, supporting early intervention strategies. Future research integrating neuroimaging, genetics, and immune profiling may enhance our understanding and facilitate the development of targeted neuroimmune therapies for ASD.