ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ ОТКРЫТИЯ ТОРГОВЛИ МЕЖДУ РАЗВИТЫМИ И РАЗВИВАЮЩИМИСЯ СТРАНАМИ. В работе изучаются последствия открытия торговли между развитой и развивающейся странами. В статье изучена модель международной торговли общего равновесия с переменными наценками и двумя странами, обладающими разными относительными запасами факторов производства: трудом и капиталом. Показано, что в более развитой стране (страна с более высоким относительным запасом капитала) заработная плата выше, цена капитала ниже, а совокупные индивидуальные доходы выше, чем в менее развитой стране. Интенсивность торговли выше между менее схожими по структуре факторов производства странами. Также показано, что открытие торговли между двумя схожими по структуре факторов производства странами ведет к увеличению благосостояния потребителей в обеих странах. В случае открытия торговли между странами с сильными различиями в структуре факторов производства – случай торговли между развитой и развивающейся странами – только потребители развитой страны выигрывают, в то время как благосостояние потребителей в развивающейся стране снижается. Данный результат является следствием сильных различий в индивидуальных доходах потребителей между странами, а также высокой себестоимости производимой в развитой стране продукции, которая снижает покупательскую способность импортных товаров в развивающейся стране. Таким образом, рыночное равновесие со свободной торговлей оказывается оптимальным только в случае совпадения индивидуальных доходов между странами. Введение дополнительных мер регулирования экспорта из развивающейся страны даст возможность снизить различия в доходах между странами и, как следствие, выработка соответствующих мер регулирования может позволить снизить неравенство в доходах, что приведет к положительным последствиям от открытия торговли для потребителей в обеих странах.

We study the consequences of opening trade between developed and developing countries. To this end, we develop a two-factor general equilibrium model of international trade with variable markups and two countries which differ in relative factor endowments. We show that the more developed country (a country with a higher relative capital endowment) is characterized by higher wages and lower capital price while total individual income is higher in this country than in the less developed one. Deeper asymmetries in relative factor endowment between countries lead to more intensive trade. We also show that opening trade between two countries similar in factor endowments results in welfare gains for consumers in both countries. Contrast to that, opening trade is detrimental for residents of developing country if countries have big enough differences in factors endowments while consumers in developed country still gain from trade. This result arises due to high income inequality between two countries’ residents. The additional source of welfare losses in the developing country is the high production cost of imported commodities, which reduces their purchasing power for imported goods. Thus, market equilibrium with free trade is optimal only in the case of identical individual incomes between countries. Additional export regulations in the developing country may reduce differences in purchasing power between countries. Therefore, appropriate regulatory measures could result in reduction in income inequality which lead to gains from trade for consumers in both countries

The consequences of opening trade between developed and developing countries / Kichko, Sergei; Ushchev, Philip. - In: EKONOMICESKIJ ZURNAL VYSSEJ SKOLY EKONOMIKI. - ISSN 1813-8691. - 21:1(2017), pp. 9-31.

The consequences of opening trade between developed and developing countries

Kichko, Sergei
Primo
;
2017-01-01

Abstract

We study the consequences of opening trade between developed and developing countries. To this end, we develop a two-factor general equilibrium model of international trade with variable markups and two countries which differ in relative factor endowments. We show that the more developed country (a country with a higher relative capital endowment) is characterized by higher wages and lower capital price while total individual income is higher in this country than in the less developed one. Deeper asymmetries in relative factor endowment between countries lead to more intensive trade. We also show that opening trade between two countries similar in factor endowments results in welfare gains for consumers in both countries. Contrast to that, opening trade is detrimental for residents of developing country if countries have big enough differences in factors endowments while consumers in developed country still gain from trade. This result arises due to high income inequality between two countries’ residents. The additional source of welfare losses in the developing country is the high production cost of imported commodities, which reduces their purchasing power for imported goods. Thus, market equilibrium with free trade is optimal only in the case of identical individual incomes between countries. Additional export regulations in the developing country may reduce differences in purchasing power between countries. Therefore, appropriate regulatory measures could result in reduction in income inequality which lead to gains from trade for consumers in both countries
2017
1
Kichko, Sergei; Ushchev, Philip
The consequences of opening trade between developed and developing countries / Kichko, Sergei; Ushchev, Philip. - In: EKONOMICESKIJ ZURNAL VYSSEJ SKOLY EKONOMIKI. - ISSN 1813-8691. - 21:1(2017), pp. 9-31.
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11572/444630
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