Framing matters. LGBTQIA+ organisations' boundary-spanning within and across collective action fields

Western-based LGBTQIA+ mobilizations have often been described as both internally fragmented and isolated from other social struggles. However, recent studies show that LGBTQIA+ organisations have increasingly used social media to span organisational boundaries by networking with other groups and framing common concerns. This article addresses these concerns by examining the interplay between digital networking and collective framing in different socio-political contexts and over time. The investigation focuses on the collective action events promoted on Facebook by LGBTQIA+ organisations located Milan and Madrid between 2011 and 2020. After mapping the socio-semantic networks resulting from the promotion of collective action events, the paper analyses the brokerage roles played by different frames. Our findings show that, while social media facilitate the creation of both within- and cross-field cooperative networks, framing congruence is necessary for transforming occasional cross-field network choices in sustained efforts of spanning boundaries and form intersectional alliances.