Melanoma of the external auditory canal: case report and systematic literature review

Melanoma of the external auditory canal (EAC) is particularly rare and poorly understood, with limited available data on management and survival. This systematic review aims to analyze existing data and provide insights into the management and prognosis the beginning of EAC melanoma. It is conducted using Pubmed and Scopus databases from inception to July 2023 and it follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Searches are performed using the search string “(melanoma) AND (external auditory canal)”. The review includes a total of 30 patients diagnosed with EAC melanoma, supplemented by an additional case from the authors’ clinical experience. The role of Breslow thickness as a determining factor for the choice of surgery remains inconclusive due to limited available data. Sentinel lymph node biopsy and adjuvant therapy are sparingly employed, indicating the need for standardized guidelines. Patients in the study demonstrate a 50% overall survival rate at 5 years. EAC Melanoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy with limited therapeutic guidelines. Surgical interventions, including wide local excision and lateral temporal bone resection, are the primary treatment options for patients without distant metastases.