Operational modes of industrial proactive human–robot collaboration

The current limitations in terms of robustness, flexibility, and explainability of artificial systems hinder collaborative robotics applications in industrial settings. These drawbacks affect robots' ability to share tasks with human workers and adapt their behavior in complex scenarios. Thus, to facilitate the collaborative environment, this chapter demonstrates the typical operation modes of Proactive Proactive HRC in industrial scenarios, such as collaborative hierarchical/sequential operations using task allocation, human–robot co-manipulation, and physical interactive tasks. In this context, allocation strategies for multi-agent systems, capable of designating the most suitable agent for the execution of each task. In addition, an intuitive human–robot interface is developed for skill transfer and adaptation in co-manipulation and physical interactive tasks.