Cosmic rays’ interactions with the residual atmosphere surrounding the Earth produce a variety of particles, like electrons, positrons, protons, anti-protons, and Helium nuclei that can be observed below the local geomagnetic cutoff. In this work, we present new measurements of downward-going, albedo proton fluxes with kinetic energy in the range ∼40–∼250 MeV, performed by the High-Energy Particle Detector (HEPD-01) on board of the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite - CSES-01 - at an altitude of ∼500 km. Employing a dedicated trajectory-tracing simulation routine, the protons collected by HEPD-01 are classified into quasi-trapped (QT), long lifetime (≳10 s) particles concentrating in the equatorial region of the Earth, and un-trapped (UT), distributed at all latitudes; the latter includes both precipitating short lifetime particles (UTS) and pseudo-trapped long lifetime (UTL) populations, abundant in the so-called penumbra regions. The temporal trend of re-entrant protons between 2018 and 2022 is also reported, assessing the stability of such population during the data-taking period of HEPD-01; this highlights their independence from the long-term modulating effect of the solar activity.
Measurements of low-energy, re-entrant albedo protons by the HEPD-01 space-borne detector / Martucci, M.; Oliva, A.; Battiston, R.; Beole, S.; Cipollone, P.; Contin, A.; Cristoforetti, M.; De Donato, C.; De Santis, C.; Di Luca, A.; Follega, F. M.; Gebbia, G.; Iuppa, R.; Lega, A.; Lolli, M.; Masciantonio, G.; Mese, M.; Neubuser, C.; Nicolaidis, R.; Nozzoli, F.; Osteria, G.; Palma, F.; Panico, B.; Perfetto, F.; Perinelli, A.; Picozza, P.; Ricci, E.; Ricci, M.; Ricciarini, S. B.; Sahnoun, Z.; Savino, U.; Scotti, V.; Sorbara, M.; Sotgiu, A.; Sparvoli, R.; Ubertini, P.; Vilona, V.; Zoffoli, S.; Zuccon, P.. - In: ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS. - ISSN 0927-6505. - 162:(2024). [10.1016/j.astropartphys.2024.102993]
Measurements of low-energy, re-entrant albedo protons by the HEPD-01 space-borne detector
Battiston R.;Cristoforetti M.;Di Luca A.;Follega F. M.;Gebbia G.;Iuppa R.;Lega A.;Masciantonio G.;Neubuser C.;Nicolaidis R.;Nozzoli F.;Palma F.;Perinelli A.;Ricci E.;Zuccon P.
2024-01-01
Abstract
Cosmic rays’ interactions with the residual atmosphere surrounding the Earth produce a variety of particles, like electrons, positrons, protons, anti-protons, and Helium nuclei that can be observed below the local geomagnetic cutoff. In this work, we present new measurements of downward-going, albedo proton fluxes with kinetic energy in the range ∼40–∼250 MeV, performed by the High-Energy Particle Detector (HEPD-01) on board of the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite - CSES-01 - at an altitude of ∼500 km. Employing a dedicated trajectory-tracing simulation routine, the protons collected by HEPD-01 are classified into quasi-trapped (QT), long lifetime (≳10 s) particles concentrating in the equatorial region of the Earth, and un-trapped (UT), distributed at all latitudes; the latter includes both precipitating short lifetime particles (UTS) and pseudo-trapped long lifetime (UTL) populations, abundant in the so-called penumbra regions. The temporal trend of re-entrant protons between 2018 and 2022 is also reported, assessing the stability of such population during the data-taking period of HEPD-01; this highlights their independence from the long-term modulating effect of the solar activity.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione
