Unequal women. Labour market inequalities at the intersection of gender and class.

Inequalities between women and men persist in many areas, over time, and in different contexts, which has led to a growing body of empirical research on gender inequalities and their determinants. However, a major shortcoming of existing research is that it overlooks complex systems of inequality in which gender intersects with other relevant social dividends. The extent of inequalities between men and women may differ along the occupational hierarchy or for individuals signalling different social statuses. Similarly, the mechanisms responsible for gender inequalities may be more pronounced in certain occupational classes or for people of a certain status. The broad research question addressed in this thesis is whether and how the presence and extent of gender inequalities in employability and earnings differ across occupational classes and levels of social status. Each empirical section aims to provide new insights into the existing literature, using different data, methods, and approaches to examine the intersection of gender and class/status inequalities. Taken as a whole, this thesis aims to make three important contributions. First, it advances the theoretical debate and empirical knowledge on how gender and class stratification intersect to determine inequality outcomes. Second, the topic is addressed using different types of data sources (cross-sectional, panel, and experimental), each of which has specific strengths. Third, different methods are used; in particular, labour market discrimination is studied using both decomposition techniques based on survey data and experimental methods based on primary data collection.