Landscape-Based Spatial Energy Planning: Minimization of Renewables Footprint in the Energy Transition

Landscape transformations derived by renewable energy sources exploitation may induce public resistance and loss of quality of the existing environment. Integrated approaches are needed to inform and guide transformation processes, relying on empirical evidence regarding spatio-technological feasibility, acceptance by the community, and integration in the landscape. To address this issue, the paper aims to propose a methodological procedure for the development of local spatial plans to implement photovoltaic systems at the local level. The procedure is spatially explicit, combining qualitative considerations of inhabitants and experts with quantitative data on energy potentials, and associating site selection with solar integration strategies. The outcome is a planning framework combining spatial areas with quality requirements for the implementation of solar power plants, thereby allowing for the envisioning of future scenarios. The application of the method is tested in Arcos de la Frontera, Spain, considering both on-ground and on-roof distributed energy systems.