A web-based distributed system for integrating mobile music in choral performance

This paper presents an Internet of Musical Things system designed to enhance the singing practices of conventional vocal ensembles with electronic sounds generated by smartphones. The system comprises a small loudspeaker connected to a smartphone running a web-based app that generates sounds locally to the chorister, who uses it while singing. An evaluation of the user experience was conducted through three experiments involving a small choir of 9 choristers and a conductor. In the first experiment, the system was utilized in a co-located setting, where choristers shared the same physical space. In the second experiment, the system was employed in a remote setting, where geographically displaced choristers were connected through a networked music performance system. In the third experiment, a hybrid condition was implemented where part of the choir was co-located and part was remotely connected. Overall, results show that the application can be successfully utilized to augment the practice and experience of choir singing, leading to novel forms of musical expression. We provide a critical reflection where we discuss the lessons learned, strengths, limitations, and possible future developments.