Beam Pattern Optimization in Time-Modulated Linear Arrays

Time‐modulated arrays exploit time as an additional degree of freedom [1] where a set of radio‐frequency (RF) switches are used to modulate the static excitations to arbitrarily shape the radiation pattern. Firstly, time‐modulation has been considered for the synthesis of radar array to obtain low and ultra‐low sidelobe patterns [2]. Unfortunately, the periodic on‐off of the RF switches causes the generations of undesired radiations, the so‐called sideband radiation (SR) [3], which represents a loss of the radiated power. Such a drawback has limited the use of time‐modulated array in real world applications. This is the author's version of the final version available at IEEE.