System-by-Design Paradigm-Based Synthesis of Complex Systems: The Case of Spline-Contoured 3D Radomes

This article provides a macrolevel overview of the System-by-Design (SbD) paradigm and then applies it to the design of a representative complex system. By introducing a set of archetypes of the SbD paradigm (i.e., Architecture-by-Design, Material-by-Design, Algorithm-by-Design, and Component-by-Design), the synthesis of large complex-shaped radomes is addressed by combining the Material-by-Design and the Architecture-by-Design concepts. The results of a numerical assessment are discussed to give the interested readers some insights on the SbD effectiveness and potentialities also in comparison with traditional design approaches.