On defeating death: Group reification and social identification as strategies for transcendence.

This chapter investigates the role of social identification in the management of human beings' existential concerns. We begin by presenting an overview of Terror Management Theory (TMT). This theory addresses the mechanisms that individuals have developed to prevent, or at least lessen, the anxiety deriving from the uniquely human ability to foresee one's death. We then present two perspectives concerning the role of social identities as anxiety-buffer mechanisms. A first one, which falls more squarely within TMT, suggests that social identities are functional in obtaining self-esteem (one of the two anxiety-buffer mechanisms proposed by TMT). A second perspective grants a more independent role to social identities. In this perspective, individuals seek transcendence by becoming a part of reified entities that are larger and longer lasting than the individual self. Findings emerging from these two lines of research are presented, along with an analysis of the relationship between identity, death anxiety, and immortality, from a historical and cross-cultural perspective.