In this paper we present a position-sensitive detector based on the vertical integration of pairs of aligned pixels operating in Geiger-mode regime and designed for charged particle detection. This novel device exploits the coincidence between two simultaneous avalanche events to discriminate between particle-triggered detections and dark counts. This concept allows to have a reduced material budget and low power consumption in spite of a high granularity and fast timing response. A proof-of-principle prototype was designed and fabricated in a 150 nm CMOS process and vertically integrated through bump bonding. This first demonstrator has been characterized and tested with a high energy particle beams at CERN SPS/PS facilities, in different configurations, featuring a reduction of the dark-count rate (DCR) at room temperature from ∼100 kHz/mm2 to about 24 Hz/mm2 a particle detection efficiency limited only by the geometric factor. The device radiation tolerance has been investigated, via irradiation of single tiers with 10 keV X-rays up to a dose of 1 Mrad (SiO2) and with neutrons up to a fluence of 1011 cm−2. A second prototype, addressing the goal to improve the present fill-factor, has been designed, manufactured and approaches now the characterization phase. Potential applications of this sensor include high spatial resolution tracking in high-energy experiments, radiation monitoring in space and radiation imaging in nuclear medicine. A small hand-held demonstrator is under construction for radio-guided surgery.
APiX, a two-tier avalanche pixel sensor for digital charged particle detection / Brogi, P.; Bigongiari, G.; Checchia, C.; Collazuol, G.; Dalla Betta, G. F.; Ficorella, A.; Marrocchesi, P. S.; Morsani, F.; Musacci, M.; Torilla, G.; Pancheri, L.; Ratti, L.; Savoy-Navarro, A.; Silvestrin, L.; Stolzi, F.; Suh, J. E.; Sulaj, A.; Vacchi, C.; Zarghami, M.. - In: NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH. SECTION A, ACCELERATORS, SPECTROMETERS, DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT. - ISSN 0168-9002. - 958:(2020), pp. 162546.1-162546.5. [10.1016/j.nima.2019.162546]
APiX, a two-tier avalanche pixel sensor for digital charged particle detection
Dalla Betta G. F.;Pancheri L.;Zarghami M.
2020-01-01
Abstract
In this paper we present a position-sensitive detector based on the vertical integration of pairs of aligned pixels operating in Geiger-mode regime and designed for charged particle detection. This novel device exploits the coincidence between two simultaneous avalanche events to discriminate between particle-triggered detections and dark counts. This concept allows to have a reduced material budget and low power consumption in spite of a high granularity and fast timing response. A proof-of-principle prototype was designed and fabricated in a 150 nm CMOS process and vertically integrated through bump bonding. This first demonstrator has been characterized and tested with a high energy particle beams at CERN SPS/PS facilities, in different configurations, featuring a reduction of the dark-count rate (DCR) at room temperature from ∼100 kHz/mm2 to about 24 Hz/mm2 a particle detection efficiency limited only by the geometric factor. The device radiation tolerance has been investigated, via irradiation of single tiers with 10 keV X-rays up to a dose of 1 Mrad (SiO2) and with neutrons up to a fluence of 1011 cm−2. A second prototype, addressing the goal to improve the present fill-factor, has been designed, manufactured and approaches now the characterization phase. Potential applications of this sensor include high spatial resolution tracking in high-energy experiments, radiation monitoring in space and radiation imaging in nuclear medicine. A small hand-held demonstrator is under construction for radio-guided surgery.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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