Leggere un paesaggio militarizzato. Temi e approcci metodologici per il riconoscimento delle stratificazioni

More than an hundred years ago, the face of the entire Alpine arc has been profoundly transformed by the long process of militarization of the territories connected to the Great War. The landscape has been shaped through the "signs" of history, which gave it the meaning of collective memory and the value of cultural good, inasmuch landscape transformed by man. Forts, entrenched fields, field and underground fortifications, are just some of the tangible traces of this long and complex project of construction of the "war landscape", a palimpsest written in several hands and stratified over time not only by the fortification projects but also through the war destruction and subsequent modifications. Military landscape has become a cultural heritage recognized as an identity good, since the places designed by the war have not only involved border areas but also wider contexts, contributing to the construction of much of the modern and contemporary territory. In this respect, for example, the fortified system insistent around Forte Busa Verle (Altopiano di Vezzena - TN) represents a meanful study case as it still preserves both the traces related to the construction of trenches and field fortifications (as signs engraved in the ground), and the “wounds” inflicted on the landscape during the war conflict. This paper presents a study method useful to recognize and investigate this multi-layered "palimpsest" through a design approach capable to decode the alphabet according to which the contemporary landscape has been "written". This method proposes an interdisciplinary-multilevel based analysis of historical design documentation and the development of three-dimensional terrain models using the GIS software for the geo-referencing of the original maps and their correct overlapping to current orthophotos, in order to understand the "different gradients of readability " of landscape stratifications.