LD score regression distinguishes confounding from polygenicity in genome-wide association studies

Bulik Sullivan, Brendan;Loh, Po Ru;Finucane, Hilary K.;Ripke, Stephan;Yang, Jian;Patterson, Nick;Daly, Mark J.;Price, Alkes L.;Neale, Benjamin M.;Corvin, Aiden;Walters, James T. R.;Farh, Kai How;Holmans, Peter A.;Lee, Phil;Collier, David A.;Huang, Hailiang;Pers, Tune H.;Agartz, Ingrid;Agerbo, Esben;Albus, Margot;Alexander, Madeline;Amin, Farooq;Bacanu, Silviu A.;Begemann, Martin;Belliveau, Richard A.;Bene, Judit;Bergen, Sarah E.;Bevilacqua, Elizabeth;Bigdeli, Tim B.;Black, Donald W.;Bruggeman, Richard;Buccola, Nancy G.;Buckner, Randy L.;Byerley, William;Cahn, Wiepke;Cai, Guiqing;Cairns, Murray J.;Campion, Dominique;Cantor, Rita M.;Carr, Vaughan J.;Carrera, Noa;Catts, Stanley V.;Chambert, Kimberly D.;Chan, Raymond C. K.;Chen, Ronald Y. L.;Chen, Eric Y. H.;Cheng, Wei;Cheung, Eric F. C.;Chong, Siow Ann;Cloninger, C. Robert;Cohen, David;Cohen, Nadine;Cormican, Paul;Craddock, Nick;Crespo Facorro, Benedicto;Crowley, James J.;Curtis, David;Davidson, Michael;Davis, Kenneth L.;Degenhardt, Franziska;Del Favero, Jurgen;Delisi, Lynn E.;Demontis, Ditte;Dikeos, Dimitris;Dinan, Timothy;Djurovic, Srdjan;Donohoe, Gary;Drapeau, Elodie;Duan, Jubao;Dudbridge, Frank;Durmishi, Naser;Eichhammer, Peter;Eriksson, Johan;Escott Price, Valentina;Essioux, Laurent;Fanous, Ayman H.;Farrell, Martilias S.;Frank, Josef;Franke, Lude;Freedman, Robert;Freimer, Nelson B.;Friedl, Marion;Friedman, Joseph I.;Fromer, Menachem;Genovese, Giulio;Georgieva, Lyudmila;Gershon, Elliot S.;Giegling, Ina;Giusti Rodríguez, Paola;Godard, Stephanie;Goldstein, Jacqueline I.;Golimbet, Vera;Gopal, Srihari;Gratten, Jacob;De Haan, Lieuwe;Hammer, Christian;Hamshere, Marian L.;Hansen, Mark;Hansen, Thomas;Haroutunian, Vahram;Hartmann, Annette M.;Henskens, Frans A.;Herms, Stefan;Hirschhorn, Joel N.;Hoffmann, Per;Hofman, Andrea;Hollegaard, Mads V.;Hougaard, David M.;Ikeda, Masashi;Joa, Inge;Juliá, Antonio;Kahn, René S.;Kalaydjieva, Luba;Karachanak Yankova, Sena;Karjalainen, Juha;Kavanagh, David;Keller, Matthew C.;Kelly, Brian J.;Kennedy, James L.;Khrunin, Andrey;Kim, Yunjung;Klovins, Janis;Knowles, James A.;Konte, Bettina;Kucinskas, Vaidutis;Kucinskiene, Zita Ausrele;Kuzelova Ptackova, Hana;Kähler, Anna K.;Laurent, Claudine;Keong, Jimmy Lee Chee;Lee, S. Hong;Legge, Sophie E.;Lerer, Bernard;Li, Miaoxin;Li, Tao;Liang, Kung Yee;Lieberman, Jeffrey;Limborska, Svetlana;Loughland, Carmel M.;Lubinski, Jan;Lönnqvist, Jouko;Macek, Milan;Magnusson, Patrik K. E.;Maher, Brion S.;Maier, Wolfgang;Mallet, Jacques;Marsal, Sara;Mattheisen, Manuel;Mattingsdal, Morten;Mccarley, Robert W.;Mcdonald, Colm;Mcintosh, Andrew M.;Meier, Sandra;Meijer, Carin J.;Melegh, Bela;Melle, Ingrid;Mesholam Gately, Raquelle I.;Metspalu, Andres;Michie, Patricia T.;Milani, Lili;Milanova, Vihra;Mokrab, Younes;Morris, Derek W.;Mors, Ole;Murphy, Kieran C.;Murray, Robin M.;Myin Germeys, Inez;Müller Myhsok, Bertram;Nelis, Mari;Nenadic, Igor;Nertney, Deborah A.;Nestadt, Gerald;Nicodemus, Kristin K.;Nikitina Zake, Liene;Nisenbaum, Laura;Nordin, Annelie;O'Callaghan, Eadbhard;O'Dushlaine, Colm;O'Neill, F. Anthony;Oh, Sang Yun;Olincy, Ann;Olsen, Line;Van Os, Jim;Pantelis, Christos;Papadimitriou, George N.;Papiol, Sergi;Parkhomenko, Elena;Pato, Michele T.;Paunio, Tiina;Pejovic Milovancevic, Milica;Perkins, Diana O.;Pietiläinen, Olli;Pimm, Jonathan;Pocklington, Andrew J.;Powell, John;Pulver, Ann E.;Purcell, Shaun M.;Quested, Digby;Rasmussen, Henrik B.;Reichenberg, Abraham;Reimers, Mark A.;Richards, Alexander L.;Roffman, Joshua L.;Roussos, Panos;Ruderfer, Douglas M.;Salomaa, Veikko;Sanders, Alan R.;Schall, Ulrich;Schubert, Christian R.;Schulze, Thomas G.;Schwab, Sibylle G.;Scolnick, Edward M.;Scott, Rodney J.;Seidman, Larry J.;Shi, Jianxin;Sigurdsson, Engilbert;Silagadze, Teimuraz;Silverman, Jeremy M.;Sim, Kang;Slominsky, Petr;Smoller, Jordan W.;So, Hon Cheong;Spencer, Chris C. A.;Stahl, Eli A.;Stefansson, Hreinn;Steinberg, Stacy;Stogmann, Elisabeth;Straub, Richard E.;Strengman, Eric;Strohmaier, Jana;Stroup, T. Scott;Subramaniam, Mythily;Suvisaari, Jaana;Svrakic, Dragan M.;Szatkiewicz, Jin P.;Söderman, Erik;Thirumalai, Srinivas;Toncheva, Draga;Tooney, Paul A.;Tosato, Sarah;Veijola, Juha;Waddington, John;Walsh, Dermot;Wang, Dai;Wang, Qiang;Webb, Bradley T.;Weiser, Mark;Wildenauer, Dieter B.;Williams, Nigel M.;Williams, Stephanie;Witt, Stephanie H.;Wolen, Aaron R.;Wong, Emily H. M.;Wormley, Brandon K.;Wu, Jing Qin;Xi, Hualin Simon;Zai, Clement C.;Zheng, Xuebin;Zimprich, Fritz;Wray, Naomi R.;Stefansson, Kari;Visscher, Peter M.;Adolfsson, Rolf;Andreassen, Ole A.;Blackwood, Douglas H. R.;Bramon, Elvira;Buxbaum, Joseph D.;Børglum, Anders D.;Cichon, Sven;Darvasi, Ariel;Domenici, Enrico;Ehrenreich, Hannelore;Esko, Tõnu;Gejman, Pablo V.;Gill, Michael;Gurling, Hugh;Hultman, Christina M.;Iwata, Nakao;Jablensky, Assen V.;Jönsson, Erik G.;Kendler, Kenneth S.;Kirov, George;Knight, Jo;Lencz, Todd;Levinson, Douglas F.;Li, Qingqin S.;Liu, Jianjun;Malhotra, Anil K.;Mccarroll, Steven A.;Mcquillin, Andrew;Moran, Jennifer L.;Mortensen, Preben B.;Mowry, Bryan J.;Nöthen, Markus M.;Ophoff, Roel A.;Owen, Michael J.;Palotie, Aarno;Pato, Carlos N.;Petryshen, Tracey L.;Posthuma, Danielle;Rietschel, Marcella;Riley, Brien P.;Rujescu, Dan;Sham, Pak C.;Sklar, Pamela;St Clair, David;Weinberger, Daniel R.;Wendland, Jens R.;Werge, Thomas;Sullivan, Patrick F.;O'Donovan, Michael C.

2015