Milieaux humains et transhumains. Le transhumanisme comme processus de pseudospéciation culturelle

This paper wants to offer a critical assessment of contemporary transhumanism by using ethological, biological and anthropological categories, such as speciation, pseudo-speciation, and adaptation to the cultural milieu. Indeed, the hypothetical transformation of the human into the transhuman can legitimately be seen as a response to challenges coming from the human symbolic environment (Umwelt). In other words, the problems faced by the transhumanist movement – by means centered, sometimes naively, on the use of new technologies – are genuine adaptive problems, concrete difficulties that people have to face in the cultural environment of contemporary societies (for instance a new widespread perception of every individual’s finitude, temporality, contingence).