Understanding Consciousness in the Age of AI and XR: Altered States, Emerging Realities, and the Digital Self

This chapter explores the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Extended Reality (XR) on our understanding of consciousness and self-identity. It ex-amines the role of these technologies in extending the dynamic nature of identity as shaped by cognitive processes, subjective experiences and their underling neural processes. The concept of the self is reevaluated in the con-text of digital interactions, particularly focusing on how interfacing with AI and virtual experiences contribute to identity formation. The chapter also ad-dresses the potential of AI and XR to mimic and induce altered states of con-sciousness, offering new insights into the plasticity and richness of human consciousness. Finally, it discusses the implications of these technologies for brain organization and the perception of reality, highlighting the necessity of balancing technological advancements with deep ethical considerations.