Regions

In this chapter, we examine European regions in light of old unresolved challenges –- such as the failed upward economic and social convergence among European regions –- and new ones -– such as the need for a just transition and the necessity to tackle sudden shocks like the 2008 economic crisis or the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Both provided regions with opportunities for increased involvement and empowerment in the EU’’s political and policy processes, though with mixed ersults. We undertake a historical review of the main critical junctures that marked the evolution of the role of regions in EU policymaking and we provide an overview of the main perspectives through which regions have been examined, drawing primarily on political science literature, finally turning to the examination of current challenges and debates.