PSO-Based Time-Domain Antenna Synthesis for Enhanced UWB Communication Systems

In Ultra‐Wideband (UWB) communication systems, the design and the analysis of the radiating element is a very demanding task, since also the quality of the transmitted and received signals must be taken into account [1]. In general, the characterization of the antennas is carried out in the frequency domain, by analyzing some parameters such as gain, input impedance, efficiency or radiation patterns. However, these terms are functions of frequency, and their analysis results to be computationally inefficient dealing with signals characterized by very large bandwidths. Therefore, the analysis of UWB systems seems to be more natural in the time domain, where all the frequencies are treated together [2].