Drewniane Obudowy Awaryjne. Wooden Emergency Housings

One of the first needs of survivors to natural and man-made disasters is a new housing. Refugees and migrants from rural to urban area need construction of new housing too. In these last years, we had several natural disasters like drought, earthquake, flood, storm, as well as wars and human-related environmental disasters. According to World Humanitarian Data Trends 2018 by OCHA-UN, these disasters affected more than 95,5 million people in 2017 and forced 18,7 million people to evacuate. From World Humanitarian Data Trends 2018 by OCHA-UN emerges that there was a migration of 68,5 million people. Refugees and urban migration are creating an emergency situation in housing. It is very relevant to give them shortly a “roof” answering with an “Architecture for the Emergency” (A4E). The main characteristics of these buildings are: • rapidity in assembly • rapidity in disassembly • low cost • flexibility in construction • flexibility in use • inner comfort • environmental sustainability At the same time, the renovation of districts in our cities often forces us to rethink the urban structure. Integration of new buildings with pre-existents is a problem related to urban renovation during the design phase because the choices will have a big impact on the future life of the urban space. During the realization of newly designed buildings and new street services, there will be a temporary impact that often affects life for several months or years. In particular, building sites often generate traffic-jam and general changes in daily habits of district inhabitants. It could be an idea to apply the criteria characterizing the A4E for the construction of permanent housing, stretching, in particular, the rapidity in assembly to minimize the building time. Obviously maintaining all other issues that are basilar for contemporary buildings. This was the roadmap followed at Laboratory of Building Design (LBD) of the University of Trento (UNITN), directed by Prof. Antonio Frattari to design new prefabricated systems for the emergency situations and developing them, after, for permanent housing. Researches and projects were carried out at LBD together with national and international research groups financed by Italian and European private and public institutions. Some students took part in different research groups during the years, developing their master thesis focused on specific case study related to general research activities. Three categories of buildings can be defined A4E and they are emergency shelters, temporary shelters, and temporary housing.