Thermal loads such as refrigerators and electric space heaters use temperature hysteresis controllers that are insensitive to small temperature fluctuations. This results in an ability to modulate their power consumption, thus providing cost-effective frequency support, balancing services and energy arbitrage. In order to partially realise these benefits, ENTSO-E has proposed a mandatory frequency support service for thermal loads in its Network Code on Demand Connection. This is to be implemented as a proportional shift of the setpoint temperature in accordance with frequency deviations. In this paper we argue that this implementation choice results in an unpredictable response that depends strongly on controller details. Furthermore, it restricts the flexibility to implement advanced controllers that deliver multiple services simultaneously. We present a case study that demonstrates very different frequency response patterns from three controllers that are each compatible with the proposed Code. Alternative implementations of the code and controllers are presented to illustrate the scope for improvement.

Frequency control using thermal loads under the proposed ENTSO-E Demand Connection Code / Tindemans, Simon H.; Trovato, Vincenzo; Strbac, Goran. - (2015), pp. 2570-2575. (Intervento presentato al convegno PowerTech 2015 tenutosi a Eindhoven, Netherlands nel 29th June-2nd July 2015) [10.1109/PTC.2015.7232676].

Frequency control using thermal loads under the proposed ENTSO-E Demand Connection Code

Trovato, Vincenzo;
2015-01-01

Abstract

Thermal loads such as refrigerators and electric space heaters use temperature hysteresis controllers that are insensitive to small temperature fluctuations. This results in an ability to modulate their power consumption, thus providing cost-effective frequency support, balancing services and energy arbitrage. In order to partially realise these benefits, ENTSO-E has proposed a mandatory frequency support service for thermal loads in its Network Code on Demand Connection. This is to be implemented as a proportional shift of the setpoint temperature in accordance with frequency deviations. In this paper we argue that this implementation choice results in an unpredictable response that depends strongly on controller details. Furthermore, it restricts the flexibility to implement advanced controllers that deliver multiple services simultaneously. We present a case study that demonstrates very different frequency response patterns from three controllers that are each compatible with the proposed Code. Alternative implementations of the code and controllers are presented to illustrate the scope for improvement.
2015
2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech
Piscataway, NJ
IEEE
978-1-4799-7695-9
Tindemans, Simon H.; Trovato, Vincenzo; Strbac, Goran
Frequency control using thermal loads under the proposed ENTSO-E Demand Connection Code / Tindemans, Simon H.; Trovato, Vincenzo; Strbac, Goran. - (2015), pp. 2570-2575. (Intervento presentato al convegno PowerTech 2015 tenutosi a Eindhoven, Netherlands nel 29th June-2nd July 2015) [10.1109/PTC.2015.7232676].
File in questo prodotto:
File Dimensione Formato  
PTech15.pdf

Solo gestori archivio

Tipologia: Versione editoriale (Publisher’s layout)
Licenza: Tutti i diritti riservati (All rights reserved)
Dimensione 1.15 MB
Formato Adobe PDF
1.15 MB Adobe PDF   Visualizza/Apri

I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione

Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11572/317292
Citazioni
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.pmc??? ND
  • Scopus 7
  • ???jsp.display-item.citation.isi??? 0
social impact