The capitalism dilemma in modern tourism development

This chapter analyzes the predominant neoliberal structure of capitalism and the vital function of tourism in sustaining it. Amid the pandemic crisis, paradoxes and tensions of the capitalism and tourism systems urgently require rethinking. Shared value creation has been striving to overcome their vulnerabilities and paradoxes by interconnecting sustainability, social responsibility, and humanistic management. Thus, the nature (economic, social, and environmental) and sources of value creation are multiplied. Challenges and contradictions require long-term resolution through systems change by value co-creation dynamics.