Transmit beamforming based on 4D antenna arrays with pseudo-random orthogonal time sequences

This paper presents a novel transmit beamforming approach based on 4D antenna arrays with pseudo-random orthogonal time modulation. The technique shows most advantages of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) arrays and phased arrays with excellent detection and low probability of interception (LPI) performance. Substantial system improvements achieved by the proposed approach are demonstrated through theoretical analysis and numerical simulations of the corresponding beampatterns in comparison with those of basic MIMO arrays.