System-by-design for multiscale synthesis problems: Methodologies and applications

The capability to describe, design, and configure complex devices on a multi-scale basis (e.g., combining their descriptors on a macro-scale, such as the device geometry, and on a micro/nano-scale, such as on the constituting material features) is a very important task in those applicative scenarios where the features of the overall systems can be obtained only as combination of information obtained at different discretization scales [1]. Unfortunately, multiscale design turns out one of the most complex problems in electromagnetic engineering, as it requires the availability of suitable synthesis strategies able to correctly handle the huge number of Degrees-of-Freedom (DoFs) of the arising device in a computationally efficient and effective way [1].