The Role of Architecture in Optimising the Design of Military Buildings and Permitting More Rapid and Rational Development

In 19th century Europe, wars, tensions and the constitution of modern states shifted borders repeatedly. It therefore became necessary to adapt military buildings to strategies that were being constantly modified as frontiers changed and weaponry developed. In a very short space of time, a complex and diversified system of military works came into being. In addition to defensive works as such, barracks also had to be provided in towns and cities to allow for the rotation of troops, who were unable to live for long periods under precarious conditions in isolated localities. We thought it would be interesting to examine the design and construction of barracks during the Hapsburg Empire in order to show how the ideas gaining ground in town planning and construction today were in fact already clearly expounded in the 19th century, and permitted the rapid completion of a large number of buildings that not only had to satisfy the latest requirements but also, in a very short space of time, had to accommodate change. The pressing need for a modern and effective defence system led to refinements in the design and construction process to meet demand and fulfil expectations. This in turn led to the development of alternative building layouts, materials and construction techniques for barracks as well. The tight schedules imposed on building works led to solutions being adapted on site to eliminate incongruences in layout and design. In the face of limited state finances, constructions were evaluated primarily in terms of cost and benefit.