Handling sideband radiations in time-modulated arrays through particle swarm optimization

The minimization of the power losses in time-modulated arrays is addressed by means of a suitable strategy based on particle swarm optimization. By properly modifying the modulation sequence, the method is aimed at reducing the amount of wasted power, analytically computed through a very effective closed-form relationship, while constraining the radiation pattern at the carrier frequency below a fixed sidelobe level. Representative results are reported and compared with previously published solutions to assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach.