This review is about single-particle entanglement. Entanglement occurs when the state of a quantum system with at least two degrees of freedom has a particular non-separable form. In the case of single-particle entanglement, this quantum correlation is shared by the same particle being it a photon, a neutron, an ion, or an atom. Here, the basics of quantum entanglement are discussed focusing on the case it is related to the degrees of freedom of a single particle. It is discussed how the violation of peculiar inequalities in this context rules out any realistic non-contextual hidden variable theory alternative to quantum mechanics. Moreover, experiments that demonstrate single-particle entanglement for photons, neutrons, and atoms are discussed. Finally, the applications of single-particle entanglement as a resource for quantum information are discussed and specifically quantum key distribution is detailed, where the use of single-particle entangled photons allows to improve the security of the BB84 protocol.

Single-Particle Entanglement / Azzini, Stefano; Mazzucchi, Sonia; Moretti, Valter; Pastorello, Davide; Pavesi, Lorenzo. - In: ADVANCED QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES. - ISSN 2511-9044. - 2020, 3:10(2020), pp. 2000014.1-2000014.33. [10.1002/qute.202000014]

Single-Particle Entanglement

Azzini, Stefano;Mazzucchi, Sonia;Moretti, Valter;Pastorello, Davide;Pavesi Lorenzo
2020-01-01

Abstract

This review is about single-particle entanglement. Entanglement occurs when the state of a quantum system with at least two degrees of freedom has a particular non-separable form. In the case of single-particle entanglement, this quantum correlation is shared by the same particle being it a photon, a neutron, an ion, or an atom. Here, the basics of quantum entanglement are discussed focusing on the case it is related to the degrees of freedom of a single particle. It is discussed how the violation of peculiar inequalities in this context rules out any realistic non-contextual hidden variable theory alternative to quantum mechanics. Moreover, experiments that demonstrate single-particle entanglement for photons, neutrons, and atoms are discussed. Finally, the applications of single-particle entanglement as a resource for quantum information are discussed and specifically quantum key distribution is detailed, where the use of single-particle entangled photons allows to improve the security of the BB84 protocol.
2020
10
Azzini, Stefano; Mazzucchi, Sonia; Moretti, Valter; Pastorello, Davide; Pavesi, Lorenzo
Single-Particle Entanglement / Azzini, Stefano; Mazzucchi, Sonia; Moretti, Valter; Pastorello, Davide; Pavesi, Lorenzo. - In: ADVANCED QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES. - ISSN 2511-9044. - 2020, 3:10(2020), pp. 2000014.1-2000014.33. [10.1002/qute.202000014]
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Utilizza questo identificativo per citare o creare un link a questo documento: https://hdl.handle.net/11572/272939
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