Reshaping tourism: advances and open issues

Humanistic Tourism is a practical application of humanistic management. It strives to establish a new disciplinary perspective outlining the inadequacies of established approaches in tourism management and the importance of topics that have been given limited attention so far, e.g., human dignity and values. The dimensions of this perspective, the humanistic difference, and the humanistic advantage, allow the extension to tourism organizations and their environments of the complex adaptive systems perspective. This approach reinterprets human dignity, values, norms, and education through the lenses of uncertainty, heterogeneity and context. It also paves the way for further developing humanistic management through social responsibility and sustainability, a specific area of enquiry that naturally connects to tourism as a complex system.