Tissue Engineering: From Basic Sciences to Clinical Perspectives

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are interrelated terms and go hand in hand whether we discuss about cells (of any kind especially stem and progenitor cells), biomaterials as matrices (2D films, 3D forms of scaffolds, nanofibers, hydrogels, nanoparticles, aerogel, microcapsules, mats, biogel for 3D printing, blends of naturals and/or synthetics, and others), and addition of bioactive molecules (delivery of growth hormones and drugs) for improvement and/or regeneration of tissues for biomedical applications (in relation to cartilage, shin, bone, blood vessels, nerve conduits, cardiac, adipose, tissue expression, and others). Therefore, it includes basic principles of biological sciences, material chemistry, and relevant engineering subjects. Finally for medical applications after proper clinical verifications of the appropriate films, scaffolds, devices, delivery systems, and other relevant products are needed.